529 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
529 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Apple Wireless Card issues on Debian Trixie (13)"
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subtitle: ""
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author: Hyperling
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date: "2025-11-19T13:00:00-07:00"
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tags:
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- tech
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- networking
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- linux
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- wireless
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- apple
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- macbook air
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- kernel
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- broadcom
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- bcm4360
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- wl
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- dkms
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- wireless-tools
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- iwconfig
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- uname
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- modprobe
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- lsmod
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- lspci
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series:
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- sysadmin
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categories:
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- guides
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aliases:
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---
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## Disclaimer
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This article assumes that your laptop has recently had the wireless card working on Debian recently. I have a Macbook Air (7,2? ~2015) with a BCM4360 [14e4:43a0] and use the `wl` driver.
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```
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$ sudo apt list broadcom*
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broadcom-sta-common/stable 6.30.223.271-26 amd64
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broadcom-sta-dkms/stable,now 6.30.223.271-26 amd64 [installed]
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broadcom-sta-source/stable 6.30.223.271-26 amd64
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```
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## Introduction
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If your wireless card is no longer being recognized on a Debian device, ensure the latest version of the Linux kernal came with its headers.
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I'm not sure why this happened, but it was when the kernel version jumped from `6.12.41` to `6.12.43` that its symptoms showed up. I had already migrated from Bookworm to Trixie and thought I had already went through a few kernel updates since then without issues.
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Later versions such as `6.12.48` and `6.12.58` continued to get pulled and I'd try them before rebooting to `6.12.41`. With the newer versions `/sbin/iwconfig` showed no wireless network and GNOME didn't even have a Wi-Fi listing in the Settings app top top menu.
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```
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$ sudo modprobe wl
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modprobe: FATAL: Module wl not found in directory /lib/modules/6.12.57+deb13-amd64
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$
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```
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I then realized that the wl module wasn't being loaded. What was confusing was that it said it was not foud, even though I knew it was installed since it was working on other kernel versions. I saw no error when the new versions were being instaleld, either. And thus began my discovery...
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## Solution -- Install Headers Automagically
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Ubuntu provides the packages `linux-image-generic` and `linux headers-generic`. Debian names them slightly different.
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```
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sudo apt install linux-image-amd64 linux-headers-amd64 --reinstall
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```
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Some sources say that Debian has no generic/meta package for the kernel and its headers. I can't find any information as to the release date of these to confirm/deny that claim. I'm just glad they work!
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## Still Not Working?
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If you're still having problems then it may be something else.
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### Commands to try
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Some good troubleshooting commands are below, as well as examples of when I was running them trying to troubleshoot my system.
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```
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uname -a
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lspci -vnn | grep -i net
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/sbin/iwconfig
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lsmod
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modprobe
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apt list
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```
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#### Broken Kernel Example
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```
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[user@hostname ~]$ uname -a
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Linux debian 6.12.57+deb13-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.12.57-1 (2025-11-05) x86_64 GNU/Linux
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ lspci -vnn | grep -i net
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03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM4360 802.11ac Dual Band Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:43a0] (rev 03)
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ /sbin/iwconfig
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lo no wireless extensions.
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docker0 no wireless extensions.
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ lsmod | sort
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ac 16384 0
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acpi_als 16384 1
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aesni_intel 122880 0
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ahci 49152 3
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apple_mfi_fastcharge 16384 0
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applesmc 32768 0
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applespi 53248 0
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async_memcpy 16384 2 raid456,async_raid6_recov
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async_pq 16384 2 raid456,async_raid6_recov
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async_raid6_recov 20480 1 raid456
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async_tx 16384 5 async_pq,async_memcpy,async_xor,raid456,async_raid6_recov
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async_xor 16384 3 async_pq,raid456,async_raid6_recov
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autofs4 57344 2
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bcm5974 28672 0
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binfmt_misc 28672 1
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blake2b_generic 24576 0
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bluetooth 1085440 6 btrtl,btmtk,btintel,btbcm,btusb
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bridge 389120 0
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btbcm 24576 1 btusb
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btintel 69632 1 btusb
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btmtk 32768 1 btusb
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btrfs 2158592 0
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btrtl 32768 1 btusb
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btusb 81920 0
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button 24576 0
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cec 69632 2 drm_display_helper,i915
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configfs 69632 1
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coretemp 16384 0
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crc16 12288 3 bluetooth,ext4,applespi
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crc32c_generic 12288 0
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crc32c_intel 16384 5
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crc32_pclmul 12288 0
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crct10dif_pclmul 12288 1
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cryptd 28672 2 crypto_simd,ghash_clmulni_intel
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crypto_simd 16384 1 aesni_intel
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drm 774144 15 drm_kms_helper,drm_display_helper,drm_buddy,i915,ttm
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drm_buddy 24576 1 i915
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drm_display_helper 274432 1 i915
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drm_kms_helper 253952 2 drm_display_helper,i915
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dw_dmac 12288 0
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dw_dmac_core 40960 2 dw_dmac_pci,dw_dmac
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dw_dmac_pci 12288 2
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ecdh_generic 16384 1 bluetooth
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efi_pstore 12288 0
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efivarfs 28672 1
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evdev 28672 24
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ext4 1142784 2
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fat 102400 1 vfat
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gf128mul 16384 1 aesni_intel
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ghash_clmulni_intel 16384 0
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hid 262144 3 usbhid,hid_apple,hid_generic
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hid_apple 28672 0
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hid_generic 12288 0
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i2c_algo_bit 16384 1 i915
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i2c_i801 36864 0
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i2c_smbus 16384 1 i2c_i801
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i915 4382720 21
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industrialio 139264 3 industrialio_triggered_buffer,acpi_als,kfifo_buf
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industrialio_triggered_buffer 12288 1 acpi_als
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intel_cstate 20480 0
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intel_pch_thermal 16384 0
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intel_pmc_bxt 16384 1 iTCO_wdt
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intel_powerclamp 16384 0
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intel_rapl_common 53248 1 intel_rapl_msr
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intel_rapl_msr 20480 0
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intel_uncore 258048 0
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ip_set 69632 1 xt_set
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ip_tables 28672 0
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irqbypass 12288 1 kvm
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iTCO_vendor_support 12288 1 iTCO_wdt
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iTCO_wdt 16384 0
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jbd2 200704 1 ext4
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joydev 24576 0
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kfifo_buf 12288 1 industrialio_triggered_buffer
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kvm 1396736 1 kvm_intel
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kvm_intel 413696 0
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libahci 61440 1 ahci
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libata 462848 2 libahci,ahci
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libcrc32c 12288 5 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,btrfs,nf_tables,raid456
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llc 16384 2 bridge,stp
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lp 20480 0
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lpc_ich 28672 0
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mbcache 16384 1 ext4
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md_mod 229376 4 raid1,raid10,raid0,raid456
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mei 188416 5 mei_hdcp,mei_pxp,mei_me
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mei_hdcp 28672 0
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mei_me 57344 2
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mei_pxp 16384 0
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Module Size Used by
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msr 12288 0
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nf_conntrack 204800 5 xt_conntrack,nf_nat,nft_ct,nft_masq,xt_MASQUERADE
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nf_defrag_ipv4 12288 1 nf_conntrack
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nf_defrag_ipv6 24576 1 nf_conntrack
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nf_nat 65536 3 nft_masq,nft_chain_nat,xt_MASQUERADE
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nfnetlink 20480 5 nft_compat,nf_tables,ip_set
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nf_reject_ipv4 16384 1 nft_reject_inet
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nf_reject_ipv6 20480 1 nft_reject_inet
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nf_tables 380928 681 nft_ct,nft_compat,nft_reject_inet,nft_masq,nft_chain_nat,nft_reject
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nft_chain_nat 12288 6
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nft_compat 20480 6
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nft_ct 28672 6
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nft_masq 12288 1
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nft_reject 12288 1 nft_reject_inet
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nft_reject_inet 12288 6
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nls_ascii 12288 1
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nls_cp437 16384 1
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overlay 217088 0
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parport 81920 3 parport_pc,lp,ppdev
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parport_pc 40960 0
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pcspkr 12288 0
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ppdev 24576 0
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qrtr 57344 2
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raid0 28672 0
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raid10 77824 0
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raid1 61440 0
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raid456 200704 0
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raid6_pq 122880 4 async_pq,btrfs,raid456,async_raid6_recov
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rapl 20480 0
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rc_core 73728 1 cec
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rfkill 40960 4 bluetooth
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sbs 20480 0
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sbshc 16384 1 sbs
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scsi_common 16384 6 scsi_mod,sd_mod,usb_storage,uas,libata,sg
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scsi_mod 327680 5 sd_mod,usb_storage,uas,libata,sg
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sd_mod 81920 3
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sg 45056 0
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sha1_ssse3 32768 0
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sha256_ssse3 32768 0
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sha512_ssse3 53248 0
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snd 151552 15 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_timer,snd_pcm
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snd_hda_codec 217088 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_cirrus
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snd_hda_codec_cirrus 24576 1
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snd_hda_codec_generic 114688 1 snd_hda_codec_cirrus
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snd_hda_codec_hdmi 98304 1
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snd_hda_core 143360 5 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_cirrus
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snd_hda_intel 61440 2
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snd_hrtimer 12288 1
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snd_hwdep 20480 1 snd_hda_codec
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snd_intel_dspcfg 40960 1 snd_hda_intel
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snd_intel_sdw_acpi 16384 1 snd_intel_dspcfg
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snd_pcm 188416 4 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
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snd_seq 110592 7 snd_seq_dummy
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snd_seq_device 16384 1 snd_seq
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snd_seq_dummy 12288 0
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snd_timer 53248 3 snd_seq,snd_hrtimer,snd_pcm
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soundcore 16384 1 snd
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spi_pxa2xx_core 32768 2 spi_pxa2xx_pci,spi_pxa2xx_platform
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spi_pxa2xx_pci 16384 0
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spi_pxa2xx_platform 12288 0
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stp 12288 1 bridge
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sunrpc 872448 1
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thunderbolt 540672 0
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ttm 106496 1 i915
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uas 32768 0
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usb_common 16384 2 xhci_hcd,usbcore
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usbcore 409600 9 xhci_hcd,usbhid,btmtk,bcm5974,apple_mfi_fastcharge,usb_storage,btusb,xhci_pci,uas
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usbhid 77824 0
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usb_storage 94208 1 uas
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vfat 24576 1
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video 81920 1 i915
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watchdog 49152 1 iTCO_wdt
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wmi 28672 1 video
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x86_pkg_temp_thermal 16384 0
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xfrm_algo 16384 1 xfrm_user
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xfrm_user 69632 1
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xhci_hcd 364544 1 xhci_pci
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xhci_pci 24576 0
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xor 20480 2 async_xor,btrfs
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x_tables 53248 6 xt_conntrack,nft_compat,xt_addrtype,xt_set,ip_tables,xt_MASQUERADE
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xt_addrtype 12288 4
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xt_conntrack 12288 1
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xt_MASQUERADE 16384 1
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xt_set 20480 0
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ sudo modprobe wl
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modprobe: FATAL: Module wl not found in directory /lib/modules/6.12.57+deb13-amd64
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ sudo apt list broadcom*
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broadcom-sta-common/stable 6.30.223.271-26 amd64
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broadcom-sta-dkms/stable,now 6.30.223.271-26 amd64 [installed]
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broadcom-sta-source/stable 6.30.223.271-26 amd64
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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```
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#### Working Kernel Example
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```
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ uname -a
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Linux debian 6.12.41+deb13-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.12.41-1 (2025-08-12) x86_64 GNU/Linux
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ lspci -vnn | grep -i net
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03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM4360 802.11ac Dual Band Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:43a0] (rev 03)
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ /sbin/iwconfig
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lo no wireless extensions.
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wlp3s0 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"Private :)"
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Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz Access Point: na:na:na:na:na:na
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Retry short limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
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Power Management:off
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wg0-vpn no wireless extensions.
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docker0 no wireless extensions.
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[user@hostname ~]$
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---
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[user@hostname ~]$ lsmod | sort
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ac 16384 0
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acpi_als 16384 1
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aesni_intel 122880 0
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ahci 49152 3
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apple_mfi_fastcharge 16384 0
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applesmc 32768 0
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applespi 53248 0
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async_memcpy 16384 2 raid456,async_raid6_recov
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async_pq 16384 2 raid456,async_raid6_recov
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async_raid6_recov 20480 1 raid456
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async_tx 16384 5 async_pq,async_memcpy,async_xor,raid456,async_raid6_recov
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async_xor 16384 3 async_pq,raid456,async_raid6_recov
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autofs4 57344 2
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bcm5974 28672 0
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binfmt_misc 28672 1
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blake2b_generic 24576 0
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bluetooth 1081344 6 btrtl,btmtk,btintel,btbcm,btusb
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bridge 389120 0
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btbcm 24576 1 btusb
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btintel 69632 1 btusb
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btmtk 32768 1 btusb
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btrfs 2150400 0
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btrtl 32768 1 btusb
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btusb 81920 0
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button 24576 0
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cec 69632 2 drm_display_helper,i915
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cfg80211 1392640 1 wl
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chacha_x86_64 28672 1 libchacha20poly1305
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configfs 69632 1
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coretemp 16384 0
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crc16 12288 3 bluetooth,ext4,applespi
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crc32c_generic 12288 0
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crc32c_intel 16384 5
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crc32_pclmul 12288 0
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crct10dif_pclmul 12288 1
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cryptd 28672 2 crypto_simd,ghash_clmulni_intel
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crypto_simd 16384 1 aesni_intel
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curve25519_x86_64 36864 1 wireguard
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drm 774144 15 drm_kms_helper,drm_display_helper,drm_buddy,i915,ttm
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drm_buddy 24576 1 i915
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drm_display_helper 274432 1 i915
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drm_kms_helper 253952 2 drm_display_helper,i915
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dw_dmac 12288 0
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dw_dmac_core 40960 2 dw_dmac_pci,dw_dmac
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dw_dmac_pci 12288 0
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efi_pstore 12288 0
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efivarfs 28672 1
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evdev 28672 24
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ext4 1142784 2
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fat 102400 1 vfat
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gf128mul 16384 1 aesni_intel
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ghash_clmulni_intel 16384 0
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hid 262144 3 usbhid,hid_apple,hid_generic
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hid_apple 28672 0
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hid_generic 12288 0
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i2c_algo_bit 16384 1 i915
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i2c_i801 36864 0
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i2c_smbus 16384 1 i2c_i801
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i915 4386816 22
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industrialio 139264 3 industrialio_triggered_buffer,acpi_als,kfifo_buf
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industrialio_triggered_buffer 12288 1 acpi_als
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intel_cstate 20480 0
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intel_pch_thermal 16384 0
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intel_pmc_bxt 16384 1 iTCO_wdt
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intel_powerclamp 16384 0
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intel_rapl_common 53248 1 intel_rapl_msr
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intel_rapl_msr 20480 0
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intel_uncore 258048 0
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ip6_udp_tunnel 16384 1 wireguard
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ip_set 69632 1 xt_set
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ip_tables 28672 0
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irqbypass 12288 1 kvm
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iTCO_vendor_support 12288 1 iTCO_wdt
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iTCO_wdt 16384 0
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jbd2 200704 1 ext4
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joydev 24576 0
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kfifo_buf 12288 1 industrialio_triggered_buffer
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kvm 1396736 1 kvm_intel
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kvm_intel 413696 0
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libahci 61440 1 ahci
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libata 462848 2 libahci,ahci
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libchacha 12288 1 chacha_x86_64
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libchacha20poly1305 16384 1 wireguard
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libcrc32c 12288 5 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,btrfs,nf_tables,raid456
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libcurve25519_generic 45056 2 curve25519_x86_64,wireguard
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llc 16384 2 bridge,stp
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lp 20480 0
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lpc_ich 28672 0
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mbcache 16384 1 ext4
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md_mod 229376 4 raid1,raid10,raid0,raid456
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mei 188416 5 mei_hdcp,mei_pxp,mei_me
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mei_hdcp 28672 0
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mei_me 57344 2
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mei_pxp 16384 0
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Module Size Used by
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msr 12288 0
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nf_conntrack 204800 5 xt_conntrack,nf_nat,nft_ct,nft_masq,xt_MASQUERADE
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nf_defrag_ipv4 12288 1 nf_conntrack
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nf_defrag_ipv6 24576 1 nf_conntrack
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nf_nat 65536 3 nft_masq,nft_chain_nat,xt_MASQUERADE
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nfnetlink 20480 5 nft_compat,nf_tables,ip_set
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nf_reject_ipv4 16384 1 nft_reject_inet
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nf_reject_ipv6 20480 1 nft_reject_inet
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nf_tables 380928 783 nft_ct,nft_compat,nft_reject_inet,nft_masq,nft_chain_nat,nft_reject
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nft_chain_nat 12288 6
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nft_compat 20480 6
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nft_ct 28672 9
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nft_masq 12288 1
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nft_reject 12288 1 nft_reject_inet
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nft_reject_inet 12288 6
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nls_ascii 12288 1
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nls_cp437 16384 1
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overlay 217088 0
|
|
parport 81920 3 parport_pc,lp,ppdev
|
|
parport_pc 40960 0
|
|
pcspkr 12288 0
|
|
poly1305_x86_64 28672 1 libchacha20poly1305
|
|
ppdev 24576 0
|
|
qrtr 57344 2
|
|
raid0 28672 0
|
|
raid10 77824 0
|
|
raid1 61440 0
|
|
raid456 200704 0
|
|
raid6_pq 122880 4 async_pq,btrfs,raid456,async_raid6_recov
|
|
rapl 20480 0
|
|
rc_core 73728 1 cec
|
|
rfkill 40960 6 bluetooth,cfg80211
|
|
sbs 20480 0
|
|
sbshc 16384 1 sbs
|
|
scsi_common 16384 6 scsi_mod,sd_mod,usb_storage,uas,libata,sg
|
|
scsi_mod 327680 5 sd_mod,usb_storage,uas,libata,sg
|
|
sd_mod 81920 3
|
|
sg 45056 0
|
|
sha1_ssse3 32768 0
|
|
sha256_ssse3 32768 0
|
|
sha512_ssse3 53248 0
|
|
snd 151552 15 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_timer,snd_pcm
|
|
snd_hda_codec 217088 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_cirrus
|
|
snd_hda_codec_cirrus 24576 1
|
|
snd_hda_codec_generic 114688 1 snd_hda_codec_cirrus
|
|
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 98304 1
|
|
snd_hda_core 143360 5 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_cirrus
|
|
snd_hda_intel 61440 2
|
|
snd_hrtimer 12288 1
|
|
snd_hwdep 20480 1 snd_hda_codec
|
|
snd_intel_dspcfg 40960 1 snd_hda_intel
|
|
snd_intel_sdw_acpi 16384 1 snd_intel_dspcfg
|
|
snd_pcm 188416 4 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
|
|
snd_seq 110592 7 snd_seq_dummy
|
|
snd_seq_device 16384 1 snd_seq
|
|
snd_seq_dummy 12288 0
|
|
snd_timer 53248 3 snd_seq,snd_hrtimer,snd_pcm
|
|
soundcore 16384 1 snd
|
|
spi_pxa2xx_core 32768 2 spi_pxa2xx_pci,spi_pxa2xx_platform
|
|
spi_pxa2xx_pci 16384 0
|
|
spi_pxa2xx_platform 12288 0
|
|
stp 12288 1 bridge
|
|
sunrpc 872448 1
|
|
thunderbolt 540672 0
|
|
ttm 106496 1 i915
|
|
uas 32768 0
|
|
udp_tunnel 32768 1 wireguard
|
|
usb_common 16384 2 xhci_hcd,usbcore
|
|
usbcore 409600 9 xhci_hcd,usbhid,btmtk,bcm5974,apple_mfi_fastcharge,usb_storage,btusb,xhci_pci,uas
|
|
usbhid 77824 0
|
|
usb_storage 94208 1 uas
|
|
vfat 24576 1
|
|
video 81920 1 i915
|
|
watchdog 49152 1 iTCO_wdt
|
|
wireguard 118784 0
|
|
wl 6459392 0
|
|
wmi 28672 1 video
|
|
x86_pkg_temp_thermal 16384 0
|
|
xfrm_algo 16384 1 xfrm_user
|
|
xfrm_user 69632 1
|
|
xhci_hcd 364544 1 xhci_pci
|
|
xhci_pci 24576 0
|
|
xor 20480 2 async_xor,btrfs
|
|
x_tables 53248 6 xt_conntrack,nft_compat,xt_addrtype,xt_set,ip_tables,xt_MASQUERADE
|
|
xt_addrtype 12288 4
|
|
xt_conntrack 12288 1
|
|
xt_MASQUERADE 16384 1
|
|
xt_set 20480 0
|
|
[user@hostname ~]$
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
[user@hostname ~]$ sudo modprobe wl
|
|
[user@hostname ~]$
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
```
|